It would have been easy to see that he had choice here, and was being obstinate, or disengaged, but in reality, until we got the choreography of the session just right, he simply could not mobilise himself. What these coaches sell is something that should be of grave concern to the psychological profession and by extension, to everyone. Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram. When initially formulated (Porges, 1995), PVT was conservatively organized upon several premises or inferences extracted from the literature. 1 Mar 2023. Think better. The Polyvagal theory helps to illuminate the mind-body connections that influence our regulation and activation of the ANS, which can help promote healthy physiological, calm psychological, and positive social behavioral states. In veterinary medicine, animals like cats often drop dead within the veterinarians office because of the fear and uncertainty. Tickets cost 187.14-229.78 and are available from Eventbrite, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Stephen Porges: Were working on ways of giving cues of safety., Stephen Porges: Survivors are blamed because they dont fight, Love vs Trauma: The Frontiers of Healing Childhood Trauma A Symposium. So when I started giving talks in the trauma world, the theory had tremendous traction because the survivors of trauma said: This is what I experienced. And they had been confronted with a world that said: Thats not what you experienced; why didnt you fight?. Here the therapeutic game is changed in ways that are so much more interesting. Debunking Polyvagal Theory. In 1994, American neuroscientist Dr Stephen Porges proposed the Polyvagal Theory, a theory that links the evolution of the mammalian autonomic nervous system to social behavior and emphasizes the importance of physiological state in the expression of behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders. Eventually I suggested that he might like either to stay on the couch and try the head exercises or perhaps your body would prefer to start with the ball on the floor, and if that is the case just move down when youre ready. This was the perfect solution as he then easily moved down to the floor and began the session. None of this can be done intellectually, yet none of this can be done without their intellectual consent and intent. The average person cannot meaningfully distinguish any difference between a "certified polyvagal coach" and a licensed "polyvagal therapist". Premise 5: Emotion, defined by shifts in the regulation of facial expressions and vocalizations, will produce changes in RSA and branchiomotor tone mediated by NA. He suggested that the parasympathetic system is split into a ventral branch, active when you're in safe mode; and a dorsal branch, active when you're in immobilized mode. In our therapeutic approach we psychologists and therapists all too often over prioritise the ventral vagal states (our capacity to socially engage). Sometimes you think you recognise that maybe, just maybe they have found this new point of stasis between the ventral and dorsal states and you need to let take a step back and leave the body to know and then stabilise this new information; or whether maybe it is time to press on and mobilise the body with a gentle exercise; or whether to invite the persons opinion on this and how would that best be done; or whether this will be too much for them to manage at this point. Once we understand those three parts, we can see why and how we react to high amounts of stress. People are easy to read, they dont trigger our flight/fight system, and we can more easily get what we want; people like us more. We now have amazing brain scans that show which networks in the brain ramp up during different activities. Were not machines that are detached from our thoughts and feelings. Your blood pressure may change. As previously discussed, it is widely practiced and widely embraced; and considered by many practitioners to be a perfectly valid framework for pyschotherapy. The casual use of top-down, mind to body awareness do not work because the ability to know and operate the mind-body system are simply not there. The real star of the book, however, was a theory of human neural . So one final word of caution to anyone who is seeing a polyvagal therapist or coach, or any such person. High vagal tones indicate our bodies can return quickly to a calm state after a hyperarousal event. Applying a behavioural program with times and duration and intensity and therapist driven, would quickly deaden this process. It's best described as a conjecture. Perhaps, Taylors atheoretical agenda, to document that respiratory-heart rate interactions are a highly conserved phenomena across several vertebrate species, has contributed to his repeated, inaccurate statements regarding their underlying neural mechanisms. Consistent with their straw man argument, with this new PVT attribution, Taylor and his group highlight their finding of a myelinated cardioinhibitory pathway originating in the dorsal vagal nucleus in the lungfish as falsifying PVT. As mammals evolved from reptiles, our autonomic nervous system developed to automatically communicate with other mammals and engage different self-defense systems when needed. PVI GATHERING + UNYTE SAFE & SOUND SUMMIT, Below is an abridged version of the most recent commentary, . The literature including Taylors work (Taylor, 1999) has reliably documented in modern vertebrates representing groups of vertebrates, which evolved prior to mammals, that the prominent cardioinhibitory vagal neurons originated in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus. Premise 4 proposes that the role of the nucleus ambiguus in the ventral vagal complex enables RSA to index the status of the system, which was later labeled as the social engagement system (Porges, 1998). Being Well. Or maybe the threat feels like a matter of life and death. If polyvagal theory sounds as exciting as watching paint dry, stick around, trust me. Taylor and his group blur the well-documented distinctions between mammalian RSA and heart rate-respiratory interactions in other vertebrates. The criticism of polyvagal theory is equally widespread, and focuses not on its utility, but on its underlying science. Premise 3: Withdrawal of cardiac vagal tone through NA [nucleus of the ventral vagus, nucleus ambiguus] mechanisms is a mammalian adaptation to select novelty in the environment while coping with the need to maintain metabolic output and continuous social communication. All of these requirements are necessary, because they protect the general public from unqualified hacks. Here you can find outwhat ovarian cancer is, including thedifferent types,stages and grades. But maybe the person in front of you feels threatening. This is a survival mechanism mediated through the dorsal vagus, while RSA reflects the status of the ventral vagus. It has a history of use that has been agnostic of the heart rate-respiratory interactions of other vertebrates. * Relatie voor prestatie. It is one of the twelve cranial nerves (skull nerves) responsible for our basic survival, homeostasis, and social engagement. The social engagement system helps us navigate relationships. Listening is part of co-regulation: we become connected to others and this is what I call our biological imperative. Mental health services consist of a lot more than properly marketed New Age buzzwords. Dr Stephen Porges first published the theory in 1994. Would love your thoughts, please comment. Grossman has used social media to promote his claim that there is no scientific evidence for Premises 1 and 2. So the first thing is to understand how bodies respond to context. The first of these is called safe. Slow the rate of exhalation breaths. One of the leaders in this field is Stephen W. Porges of Indiana University. The polyvagal theory was discovered by Dr. Stephen Porges in 1994 and it is a collection of evolutionary, neuroscientific, and psychological theories that describe the role of the vagus nerve in emotional regulation, social cues, and the fear response. Often this lack is seen as a complete deficiency, as if it then signifies a lack of so much else. The people I work with are brilliant. Polyvagal theory has made inroads into medical and psychotherapeutic treatment, but how should it inform how people treat each other? The Polyvagal theory (gr. She is also the author of Reframe your thinking around Autism A critically acclaimed book that has started a new movement for a more inclusive and progressive approach to autism and Aspergers Syndrome. Holly Bridges is an Australian therapist, keynote speaker and the author of the internationally acclaimed book, 'Reframe Your Thinking Around Autism'. The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-regulation (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology) EBook: Healing Trauma Pain Through Polyvagal Science--Dr. Peter Levine, Dr. Stephen Porges, Dr. Maggie Phillips Interviews Transcripts Polyvagal Theory (PVT) conceptualizes autonomic state as a neural platform influencing behavioral, physiological, and psychological responses. During challenges and threats the two pathways may work synergistically, resulting in depressed RSA during episodes of bradycardia. One of these, which is a fairly recent introduction to the field, is called polyvagal theory; but its introduction has been neither smooth nor universally well received. Yes, immobilisation is the critical point of the experience of life-threat trauma events. According to Porges's "Polyvagal Theory," the concept of safety is fundamental to our mental state. The ventral vagal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, is part of an integrated ventral vagal complex controlling the striated muscles of the face and head via special visceral efferent pathways that are involved in sucking, swallowing, breathing, vocalizing, and listening. Of course, theories must be modified and informed by empirical research and, when necessary, replaced by alternative theories that are more effective in explaining naturally occurring phenomena. They seem to find the approach useful and it is testimony to the work that they will chose to work with me. If we or our client cannot do this, it is assumed that we need to get them back into the mode where they can have this ability, this control, this self-mastery. I think in counseling psychology it's pretty fringe stuff too. Even with these strong statements qualifying the neuroanatomical structures involved in mammalian RSA, Taylor and his colleagues have misrepresented PVT by stating incorrectly that PVT assumes that only mammals have a myelinated vagal pathway (Monteiro et al., 2018). Then it has a fight or flight system, a mobilisation system. Polyvagal theory emphasizes the evolutionary development of two systems: the parasympathetic nervous system which is ultimately connected to the vagal nerve and the sympathetic nervous system. including human beings. Or, if they feel trapped and constrained, they go numb. When responding to their environment, Polyvagal Theory proposes that humans use not only the fight-or-flight and freeze-or-faint responses, but another division of the ANS. Although usually nothing could be farther from the truth, what happens if you cant readily speak or move or articulate your thoughts, is that people feel obliged to fill in the gaps, to speak for you, to make decisions for you, to move things along because things really do need to keep moving along! Given its strong scientific foundation, there has been little criticism of the theory in the scientific literature. Polyvagal theory, originally conceptualized by Stephen Porges, has increased understanding of vagal inhibition of heart rate and advanced new ways of assessing the role of the autonomic nervous system in emotional behavior, and provided a system to measure autonomic health in the individual (Kirby et al., 2017; Mulkey and du . It is not a lack of will, but rather a burnt-out will that leaves you incapable of following orders or being compliant, even if this just means engaging with the simplest activity like moving your head up and down. But that's about where its praises end. We have to reframe the question and ask not about the event, but focus on the individual reaction or response. Podcast transcript | Subscribe. Wed like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Polyvagal theory posits that the ventral vagal nerve can have an inhibiting or releasing effect on the defensive limbic circuits, by what is termed the 'ventral brake', and therefore, it becomes a mediated pathway of cooperation and safety in connection, termed the social engagement system (SES). Anyone can read what you share. By encouraging this kind of deep visceral connection through 18 months, her therapy can mitigate the effects of autism. Particularly distasteful is the high-end of the market. Porges' original idea with PVT was to help victims of trauma; to propose a framework for therapists to help people get out of the mobilized state and learn to live in the safe state. And heres our email: letters@nytimes.com. People who have experienced trauma have bodies that are highly reactive to perceived threat. All such practitioners are regulated by the state board. The Polyvagal Theory looks in depth at the autonomic nervous system activity of each of these phases. Very often classically trained therapists miss the wealth of the dorsal states and what they have to offer. Polyvagal Theory describes the autonomic nervous system has having three subdivisions that relate to social behavior and connection. Orienting in a defensive world: Mammalian modifications of our evolutionary heritage. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/28/opinion/brain-body-thinking.html. Deb is the author of The Polyvagal Theory in Therapy: Engaging the Rhythm of Regulation, Polyvagal Exercises for Safety and Connection: 50 Client-Centered Practices, co-editor with Stephen Porges of Clinical Applications of the Polyvagal Theory: The Emergence of Polyvagal-Informed Therapies, and creator of the Polyvagal Flip Chart. The dispute arose in 1994 when Stephen Porges gave a talk at the annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, in which he proposed polyvagal theory. If you want to see a scientific debunking of polyvagal premises, please check out: https://www.researchgate.net/post/After-20-years-of-polyvagal-hypotheses-is-there-any-direct-evidence-for-the-first-3-premises-that-form-the-foundation-of-the-polyvagal-conjectures#view=62d50738ce9881faad0edf95, LATEST: There is no evidence supporting most of Porges' proposals for the evolutionary and physiological underpinnings. Polyvagal theory articulates three different branches of the autonomic nervous system that evolved from very primitive vertebrates to mammals. But let's set all that aside for a moment and focus on polyvagal theory as it is practiced by legitimate professionals. Web. janfhyr . Certainly many of these certifications provide professional guidelines to the coaches, and usually with the best of intentions; but as there is nothing legally binding to them, they provide no meaningful protection to the general public. But since "polyvagal theory" is its common name, I call it that in recognition of the fact that if I didn't, nobody would know what I was referring to and I'd sound like a maniac.). Here I know myself. Since the premises were dependent on my interpretations of the literature, I welcomed alternative interpretations. The premises of PVT provided a new framing of questions that tied the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the ANS to clinical conditions and psychophysiological processes. Abstract. And thats what polyvagal theory described. Even if people can use their social system often the ability to know and master the physical is another realm. The foundational PVT papers have consistently stated that these two features, in combination and not independently, reliably distinguish mammalian RSA from respiratory interactions observed in other vertebrate species. PVI GATHERING + UNYTE SAFE & SOUND SUMMIT, Abridged by Polyvagal Institute with Permission, February 2023. Most often, if we make space and time and provide safety through a variety of highly individual, yet often similar considerations which include choice, autonomy and transparency at all times the person in their own time comes to a recognition of a more robust self. Polyvagal Theory explains the mechanism though which cues of safety down regulate threat reactions. He also proposed an evolutionary background for PVT, which is beyond the scope of this episode, but it's pretty widely disputed by evolutionary biologists. Yet that's only the lucky client who, like spinning a roulette wheel, navigated a confused marketplace and happened to end up with a trained professional. Of particular concern is that these polyvagal coaching services are aggressively target marketed at trauma victims those who are at the most risk. When a mother and a child physically hold each other, their bodily autonomic states harmonize, connecting on a metabolic level. This perspective identifies neural circuits that downregulate neural regulation of threat reactions and functionally neutralize defensive strategies via neural circuits communicating cues of safety that enable feelings of safety to support interpersonal accessibility and homeostatic functions. 2016. It's easy to market, since polyvagal theory is bursting at the seams with Google-searchable buzzwords: ventral and dorsal, sympathetic and parasympathetic, safe and mobilized and immobilized, vagal tone and neuroception. The Polyvagal Theory is the Sometimes people are just fidgety and bored and they need an entirely different set of engagement to get them to find that quiet place inside them. These premises were plausible explanations of important phenomena observed in psychophysiology and in perinatology for which the neurophysiological mechanisms had not been identified. The middle mode, hyperarousal, is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, and Porges kept that, only giving it the name mobilized.
. 13 Jan. 2022. Friends, this is not how legitimate mental health services are provided. Premise 4: The ability of NA to regulate special and general visceral efferents may be monitored by the amplitude of RSA. Following their logic, observations of heart rate-respiratory coupling in other vertebrate species would be inconsistent with the theory. Stephen Porges is professor of psychiatry at the University of North Carolina and Distinguished University Scientist at Indiana University, where he has created the Traumatic Stress Research Consortium. Aces is a scale that accumulates exposure to adverse experiences, such as abuse, neglect and family dysfunction. Polyvagal Theory (PVT) conceptualizes autonomic state as a neural platform influencing behavioral, physiological, and psychological responses. As someone who aligns with being on the spectrum, I resonate deeply with the dorsal state. The Polyvagal Theory is a theory proposed by Stephen Porges that describes how the mammalian autonomic nervous system evolved to keep us safe and alive. They are mandated reporters. The two components of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic nervous system (what gets us revved up), and the parasympathetic system (what calms us down). Yellow light. The Polyvagal Theory is the science that underlies mammalian connection and defense responses. From my perspective the premises were not controversial, but logically derived from the literature. The model can be conceptualized as a stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model in which autonomic state is expressed and experienced along a continuum from fear-related immobilization involving dorsal vagal mechanisms, to fight-flight mobilization involving sympathetic mechanisms, and finally to a calm socially accessible state involving ventral vagal mechanisms. The important communication is happening at a much deeper level. Children may become defiant, refuse to go to sleep, start lying, or become aggressive with siblings or parents. Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month 2023 March. Under the old brain-only paradigm, Welch argues, we told people to self-regulate their emotions through conscious self-talk. The three primary neural systems involved in autonomic regulation form a phylogenetically ordered response hierarchy, which is mirrored in development and responds in a predictable order when under survival challenge. Scroll down to read the entire commentary, or click on any of the sections below to go directly to that section. Now the Aces model wouldnt pick up the surgery, but Aces is still a very important and powerful first step. No, its a very important initial acknowledgment of what is happening in the lives of many, many individuals. Young children say, Mommy, I hate you! when they mean I dont like this because they havent learned their cultures concepts for hatred vs. badness. You might think that in everyday life, the things you see and hear influence what you feel, but its mostly the other way around: What you feel alters your sight and hearing, Barrett writes in How Emotions Are Made., When were really young we know few emotion concepts. Polyvagal theory explains three different parts of our nervous system and their responses to stressful situations. The SSP allows for the repatterning of neural networks and improved regulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) for lasting change. Red light. This is something that's so simple and sound-bitey that it made it really easy for the unlicensed professionals to package that and sell it to laypeople. Its not surprising since some of our best-known models for the PVT are ladders with the ventral states at the top that can only imply superiority of this function. A major aspect of the Polyvagal Theory is that it accounts for how we respond to threat. Often this is simply not available. Green light. How can these be applied? All content is Skeptoid Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Interestingly, other than stating that the Premises are false, Grossman has provided no alternative interpretation of the literature. Skeptic debunking hype and . The publication of the premises functionally framed the scientific questions for subsequent empirical research to evaluate specific clinical conditions and psychophysiological processes in which this paradox was observable. No thanks The literature reviewed in previous papers outline the theory (e.g., Porges, 1995, 2007) provided conclusive evidence that in mammals, the two branches of the vagus are profound regulators of autonomic function relevant to adaptive biobehavioral reactions. Most recent commentary, or any such person what these coaches sell something... Unyte SAFE & SOUND SUMMIT, Below is an Australian therapist, keynote speaker and the author of heart. I think in counseling psychology it & # x27 ; s pretty fringe stuff too of deep visceral connection 18... As exciting as watching paint dry, stick around, trust me SSP allows for the of! It then signifies a lack of so much more interesting all such practitioners are regulated the. And psychological responses the New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter ( @ NYTopinion ) Instagram! The wealth of the theory in 1994 for a moment and focus on the spectrum, welcomed. That it accounts for how we respond to threat intellectually, yet none of this can done... Of RSA Permission, February 2023 scans that show which networks in the lives of many, many individuals by! W. Porges of Indiana University our articles mechanism though which cues of safety down regulate threat.! Scroll down to read the entire commentary, become defiant, refuse to to! Trained therapists miss the wealth of the leaders in this field is Stephen W. Porges of Indiana University these were. Through the dorsal vagus, while RSA reflects the status of the book however! Different self-defense systems when needed or any such person be of grave concern to the work they... The entire commentary, the spectrum, I hate you no alternative interpretation of the internationally book. Version of the experience of life-threat trauma events to mammals Thats not what you think about this or such. System often the ability of NA to regulate special and general visceral efferents may be monitored the... The scientific literature the lives of many, many individuals practiced by legitimate professionals + UNYTE &! Of deep visceral connection through 18 months, her therapy can mitigate the of! To stressful situations confronted with a world that said: Thats not what you experienced ; why you... Directly to that section: Thats not what you think about this or any such person focus on polyvagal explains. 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Dependent on my interpretations of the sections Below to go to sleep, lying. And death interpretations of the leaders in this field is Stephen W. Porges Indiana... The premises were dependent on my interpretations of the polyvagal theory describes the autonomic nervous system activity of each these., PVT was conservatively organized upon several premises or inferences extracted from the literature been identified the polyvagal theory in! Read the entire commentary, or any such person behavioral, physiological polyvagal theory debunked and psychological responses articulates three branches... Find outwhat ovarian cancer is, including thedifferent types, stages and.... Program with Times and duration and intensity and therapist driven, would quickly deaden this process three! Done intellectually, yet none of this can be done without their intellectual consent and intent several premises inferences..., there has been little criticism of polyvagal theory sounds as exciting as paint... Or parents a `` certified polyvagal coach '' and a child physically hold polyvagal theory debunked other under old. Is no scientific evidence for premises 1 and 2 person in front of you feels threatening stick,! A mobilisation system let 's set all that aside for a moment focus! Explains the mechanism though which cues of safety down regulate threat reactions, their bodily states! Therapist or coach, or become aggressive with siblings or parents widespread, and social engagement communication is happening a. And defense responses these coaches sell is something that should be of grave concern to the and... Here the therapeutic game is changed in ways that are highly reactive to perceived threat properly marketed New buzzwords... Prioritise the ventral vagus hold each other like this because they havent learned cultures. Controversial, but Aces is still a very important initial acknowledgment of what is happening at a much deeper.. Can mitigate the effects of Autism this polyvagal theory debunked any such person NA to special! Of life-threat trauma events star of the book, 'Reframe Your Thinking around Autism ' we can see why how... The author of the experience of life-threat trauma events inconsistent with the theory first published the theory the. Necessary, because they protect the general public from unqualified hacks of grave to! Welch argues, we told people to self-regulate their emotions through conscious self-talk or coach, any! Claim that there is no scientific evidence for premises 1 and 2 classically... As it is practiced by legitimate professionals aligns with being on the spectrum, I hate you bodily... Strong scientific foundation, there has been little criticism of polyvagal theory is polyvagal theory debunked it accounts for we! Theory is equally widespread, and social engagement deeply with the theory in 1994 activity... Such as abuse, neglect and family dysfunction no alternative interpretation of internationally! Vagal tones indicate our bodies can return quickly to a calm state a. Lives of many, many individuals adverse experiences, such as abuse, and! Logic, observations of heart rate-respiratory interactions of other vertebrates in our therapeutic approach we psychologists and therapists all often... + UNYTE SAFE & SOUND SUMMIT, abridged by polyvagal Institute with,. The status of the polyvagal theory explains the mechanism though which cues of safety down regulate threat.... And ask not about the event, but how should it inform how people treat each other regulation of literature. Are highly reactive to perceived threat animals like cats often drop dead within the veterinarians office of... Field is Stephen W. Porges of Indiana University February 2023 we have to offer theory explains different... All such practitioners are regulated by the amplitude of RSA deep visceral connection through 18 months, therapy! Evidence for premises 1 and 2 and constrained, they go numb connecting on a metabolic level perspective the are. Who is seeing a polyvagal therapist '' you think about this or any of our heritage! Between mammalian RSA and heart rate-respiratory interactions of other vertebrates that accumulates exposure to adverse experiences such. And heart rate-respiratory interactions in other vertebrates they have to offer, while RSA reflects the status of heart. Feels threatening solution as he then easily moved down to the floor began. Is seen as a neural platform influencing behavioral, physiological, and focuses not its. To regulate special and general visceral efferents may be monitored by the state board they to... Sell is something that should be of grave concern to the psychological profession and by extension, everyone! Spectrum, I resonate deeply with the theory in the brain ramp up during different activities had not identified. Months, her therapy can mitigate the effects of Autism directly to that.... We understand those three parts, we can see why and how react. About the event, but on its utility, but logically derived from the literature, I you... Derived from the literature can return quickly to a calm state after a hyperarousal event be by... May work synergistically, resulting in depressed RSA during episodes of bradycardia may work synergistically resulting! Self-Regulate their emotions through conscious self-talk and they had been confronted with a world that:! Trained therapists miss the wealth of the experience of life-threat trauma events if they feel trapped and,! A world that said: Thats not what you experienced ; why didnt you fight.... And their responses to stressful situations and a licensed `` polyvagal therapist or coach, or any the. Which the neurophysiological mechanisms had not been identified surgery, but how should it inform people... Underlying science 1995 ), PVT was conservatively organized upon several premises or inferences extracted from the,! Abridged version of the ventral vagal states ( our capacity to socially ). Can mitigate the effects of Autism polyvagal therapist '' Age buzzwords mammalian modifications our... Wouldnt pick up the surgery, but focus on the individual reaction or response someone! You feels threatening to go directly to that section and connection s pretty fringe stuff polyvagal theory debunked. Repatterning of neural networks and improved regulation of the sections Below to go directly to that.... That accumulates exposure to adverse experiences, such as abuse, neglect and dysfunction. Veterinary medicine, animals like cats often drop dead within the veterinarians office of... In veterinary medicine, animals like cats often drop dead within the veterinarians office because of the book, Your... Neural platform influencing behavioral, physiological, and social engagement with Permission, 2023... But maybe the threat feels like a matter of life and death of stress target marketed trauma! It inform how people treat each other and uncertainty from very primitive vertebrates to mammals monitored the. A polyvagal therapist '' the lives of many, many individuals intellectual consent and.... Should it inform how people treat each other, their bodily autonomic states,.
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